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StoryTelling
storytelling techniques
1
As
Access
1
As
Access

Some of the best narratives come from an unfiltered look behind the curtain.

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2
In
Incongruent
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In
Incongruent

To see or read something that appears out of place grabs attention. The mind strives to reconcile, “what the hell?”

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3
Fa
Failure
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Fa
Failure

No failure, no drama. Virtually all movies and novels depict something going awry.

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4
Cv
Conversational
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Cv
Conversational

Talk and write like a real human being. You can do it!

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5
AC
Atomized Content
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AC
Atomized Content

Packaging bite-­size chunks of a story often resonate with journalists.

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Ow
Outward
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Ow
Outward

The opposite of “Me, me, me … and here’s a little more on me.”

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7
Sm
Sausage Making
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Sm
Sausage Making

Sometimes, a backstory on how something happens is more interesting than the core narrative.

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8
Qa
Quantification
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Qa
Quantification

Everyone likes to keep score. Numbers can bring shape to the intangible.

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9
Op
Opinion
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Op
Opinion

Nothing bores like the middle of the road, often viewed by execs as a safe harbor. Have a take.

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10
Wo
Words
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Wo
Words

Words matter. A single word amidst a vanilla page can jar the senses.

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Cx
Context
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Co
Contrast
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Co
Contrast

Comparisons – like the difference between “what was” and “what is” – can help the audience ascertain significance.

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Vi
Visual
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Vi
Visual

Even if a picture isn’t worth 1,000 words, visuals accentuate storytelling.

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15
Hu
Humanity
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Hu
Humanity

Faces dominate the covers of business magazines for a reason. Cultivate human touch points in your storytelling.

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An
anecdote
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An
Anecdote

Underutilized in business communications, the anecdote brings realness and entertainment value to the story.

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17
Le
Levity
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Le
Levity

Considered the killer app in business storytelling, the mere cracking of a smile is a win.

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Dr
Drama
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Dr
Drama

Business storytelling with an entertainment dimension stands out. Enter drama, stage left.

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Pr
Protagonist
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Pr
Protagonist

Transform an executive into a hero, and you’ve got the makings of a happy ending (and a brand-­building moment).

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Ba
Barrier
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Ba
Barrier

Here’s one surefire way to cultivate drama: Communicate a barrier and tease out the journey of overcoming that barrier.

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21
Vo
Voice
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Vo
Voice

A distinctive voice can elevate a business story, whether that comes from the company or an individual.

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A Surprising Lesson from GE on B2B Branding

A Surprising Lesson from GE on B2B Branding

In preparation for our storytelling workshops, we request that participants complete some light homework. We often ask them what B2B company does a particularly good job in building its brand and public profile.

With rare exception, GE wins this unaided awareness test.

In a “cement mixer” with thousands of B2B companies, what is GE doing to stand out? How is the company building a brand that people remember?

In reverse-engineering the B2B side of GE’s communications to the outside world, one overriding principle emerges —

GE strives to touch both sides of the brain, the intellectual and the emotional. In analyzing B2B communications over the years, I would say one out of every 100 B2B companies makes this leap … even 1 percent might be generous.

Whether you’re selling bulldozers, semiconductors or lubricants by the barrel, it’s hard to see how a buyer would care about anything that smacks of emotion. Yet, it’s not like these products automatically strip decision makers of their emotions, leaving them in a Spock state.

GE gets this point.

You might be thinking that GE enjoys a unique position as one of the best-run companies on the planet going back to the Jack Welsh days — with the type of  marketing resources that only come from being a $146B company. While true, here’s a takeaway lesson from GE that any B2B company can apply to its outbound communications and brand-building efforts —

Use storytelling techniques to educate, inform and even amuse in contrast to the conventional B2B playbook that shouts “Me, Me … and here’s a little bit more about Me.”

The company’s blog, GE Reports, provides a good example of how this plays out in pragmatic terms. The blog executes on the promise to explore stories on innovation, science and technology, as well as GE viewpoints.

Take a post on the Panama Canal.

The storytelling starts with a double entendre in the headline, “Dig This: The Panama Canal is About to Get Busy”

Next, look at the opening paragraph:

The Panama Canal is a full century old, but it’s going through a growth spurt. The 48-mile-long waterway that cuts across “the backbone of the Western Hemisphere” is going through the final year of a massive expansion. When work is completed this year, bigger locks will allow the giant “New Panamax” class of container ships and supertankers to slip through and boost the canal’s capacity by half.

No mention of GE.

But the part I find most revealing involves the visual storytelling in the post. This is a tough leap for most B2B companies, believing that depth of content, not “pictures,” wins the day. Yet, this is one of the best ways for B2B content to wiggle its way to an emotional touch point.

The GE post’s hero image features a GIF with an explosion sure to capture the most fleeting attention span.

More than scrutinize the visual assets individually, it’s also interesting to consider the “look” of the overall post. Just like newspapers have figured out that a page of black type turns off readers, the same principle can be applied to a blog post.

With this in mind, I’ve come up with two metrics that shape the reader’s immediate impression of a post (before reading a word):

  • Ratio of words to visual
  • Percent of column inches devoted to visuals

GE scores an 81:1 words-to-visual ratio, impressive when the typical post of 300 to 500 words carries one visual. And visuals dress 68 percent of the GE post’s column inches, again far beyond the norm.

The value of visual storytelling also impacts the increasing use of mobile devices to access information. Again, the GE post looks good on a smartphone (two snapshots below).

As I dig – there’s that verb again – deeper in this area, I’ll try to come up with industry best practices for the two metrics on “looks.”

BTW, this post scored an 79:1 words-to-visual ratio with roughly 41 percent of the column inches devoted to visuals.

A Not­‐so-­obvious Part to “Every Company is a Media Company”

Thanks to the wonders of Internet and WordPress, any company can rationalize the cost of digital publishing.

What’s more, Google’s decision to communicate the dialing down of activities in China on its corporate blog gave street cred to owned media. Since Google’s act on January 12, 2005, organizations of all shapes and sizes have become much more aggressive in taking their stories directly to the target audiences.

There’s no question that this move lessens dependence on third-party media. Like the investment world’s emphasis on the diversified portfolio, the building of a brand calls for diversified activities.

With that said, the value of media relations doesn’t disappear. In today’s environment where information gets flung about with the care of a ditch digger, one could make an argument that media coverage is more valuable than ever to a brand today.

Yet there’s the rub.

Succeeding with journalists can require NOT publishing. In fact, it can often mean not publishing your best stuff.

It sounds counter-intuitive, but you can see how this plays out with Intel’s recent media relations work to publicize the 50th anniversary of Moore’s Law.

Intel essentially takes on the role of journalist in interviewing Gordon Moore on his famous axiom. Rather than publish the interview, Intel opts to package the content in a tidy PDF downloaded from its newsroom.

In pointing journalists to the content, Intel gains three benefits:

  • “Access” to new perspectives from Mr. Moore stands to increase the depth of the stories.
  • Inserts Intel’s preferred narrative slices into media stories.
  • Controls Mr. Moore’s input (also reduces the demands on his time).

Some journalists like Don Clark at The Wall Street Journal tried to connect with Mr. Moore: “Mr. Moore couldn’t be reached, and Intel said he wasn’t available to comment.”

Of course, everyone ends up unhappy if Intel manufactures 1,500 words of corporate speak. To this point, there’s a journalistic-like quality to the Intel deliverable with the same storytelling techniques.

For example, this anecdote surfaced in the BBC and The Wall Street Journal:

  • “It’s amazing how often I run across a reference to Moore’s Law. In fact, I Googled ‘Moore’s Law’ and I Googled ‘Murphy’s Law’ and ‘Moore’s Law’ beats ‘Murphy’ by at least two to one.”

There’s very much a conversational tone to much of the content like this passage that landed in the San Jose Mercury News and PC Mag:

  • “But one could see the trend was going in the direction that this was going to be the cheaper way eventually. That was my real objective — to communicate that we have a technology that’s going to make electronics cheap.”

Back to the point that Intel did not publish the Moore interview. The commoditization of the news release forces journalists to dig deeper for stories and content not in the public domain.

It’s true that the Intel document sits in the public domain (Intel’s press room). Still, by virtue of the packaging — atomized content instead of a complete story — and being “roped off” for journalists, the perception is one of out of the mainstream view.

Did Intel’s approach work?

The question can’t be answered by simply looking at media impressions. The media was going to cover a milestone of that magnitude whether Intel lifted a finger or not.

But given that Intel’s atomized content showed up in so many of the articles ranging from USA Today to CNET to Wired, it seems reasonable to conclude that  Intel accomplished its mission.

Extraordinary Communications During a Corporate Cat Fight

When founders get the boot, they don’t always go quietly or humorously into the night á la Andrew Mason.

For communicators, this poses a quandary.

Typically, the founder serves as the face of the company with his or her persona baked into the brand. If the founder reacts with “hell hath no fury like a woman scorned” emotion, the company’s response goes a long way toward determining if a full-scale PR crisis ensues.

As Exhibit A, look no further than the happenings at Men’s Wearhouse over the past couple of weeks. When the Board fired its founder and Executive Chairman George Zimmer on June 19, the language in the news release portended fireworks:

  • The Board expects to discuss with Mr. Zimmer the extent, if any, and terms of his ongoing relationship with the Company.

Usually, this type of detail is squared away before the news release goes out the door. The line makes it clear that if George doesn’t play nice in the sandbox, the Board “guarantees” he won’t have a role with the company.

And the fireworks did arrive in the form of George using the media to send a missive that borrows from Animal House, “It’s not over until we say it’s over.”

At this point, Men’s Wearhouse faced two options:

  • Just take it with the expectation that the issue will dissipate over time
  • Go on the offensive with its own narrative

And go on the offensive it did.

This is where most companies get it wrong. They give the final say to the attorneys who inevitably generate language that makes CSPAN look provocative.

Instead, the company’s executives and its agency, Dennard – Lascar Associates, created an extraordinary news release:


Men’s Wearhouse Board of Directors Provides Further Comments on Termination of George Zimmer

FREMONT, Calif., June 25, 2013 /PRNewswire/ — The Board of Directors of Men’s Wearhouse (NYSE: MW) today provided further comments regarding the termination of George Zimmer as Executive Chairman on June 19, 2013. The Board stated:

“Our actions were not taken to hurt George Zimmer. Rather we were focused on what we believed to be in the best interests of Men’s Wearhouse, as well as shareholders and employees. While Mr. Zimmer owns 3 ½% of the stock, it is our obligation to represent the interests of all shareholders.

Savvy on the part of Men’s Wearhouse to recognize the emotional side of the issue and immediately state it didn’t mean to hurt George’s feelings. At the same time, it reminds everyone that George isn’t king.

“Mr. Zimmer had difficulty accepting the fact that Men’s Wearhouse is a public company with an independent Board of Directors and that he has not been the Chief Executive Officer for two years. He advocated for significant changes that would enable him to regain control, but ultimately he was unable to convince any of the Board members or senior executives that his positions were in the best interests of employees, shareholders or the company’s future. These issues of contention included, among other things:

Staying with this theme, the release notes that George wanted to be king.

  • After selecting our CEO, Doug Ewert, and several of the key management team members that have effectively been running the company for many years with great success, Mr. Zimmer eventually refused to support the team unless they acquiesced to his demands.
  • Mr. Zimmer expected veto power over significant corporate decisions. Among them was executive compensation despite the fact that we – as required of a public company – have an independent committee of the Board that sets policy in this area.
  • After initially supporting the review of strategic alternatives for K&G as proposed by management and supported by the Board, Mr. Zimmer reversed course. Despite Mr. Zimmer’s objection, the Board and management remain committed to the K&G review process.
  • Mr. Zimmer reversed his long-standing position against taking the company private by arguing for a sale of the Men’s Wearhouse to an investment group. The Board believes such a transaction would not be in the best interests of our shareholders, and it would be a very risky path on many levels. It would require the company to take on a huge amount of debt to pay for such a transaction. The Board strongly believes that such a transaction would be highly risky for our employees and would threaten our company culture that is so important to all of us.
  • The Board is unanimously of the view that now is not the time to sell the company. The Board is committed to a strategic plan carefully developed by CEO Doug Ewert and the rest of the company’s experienced management team, which we all believe will maximize long-term value for all shareholders.

There’s a clinical tone to the proof points that logically leads the reader to conclude that the Board made the only decision it could.

“Mr. Zimmer presented the Board with the choice of either a) continuing to support our CEO and the management team on the successful path they had been taking, or b) effectively re-instating Mr. Zimmer as the sole decision maker. The Board strongly believed that the best course of action was to re-affirm its support for Doug Ewert, the senior management team, our shareholders and our employees.

“Neither the Board nor management desired a total breakdown of the relationship between Mr. Zimmer and the company. In our discussions with Mr. Zimmer, we made considerable efforts to find a solution that would have allowed him to continue to have a significant involvement with Men’s Wearhouse.  Unfortunately, Mr. Zimmer wouldn’t accept anything other than full control of the company and the Board was left with no choice but to terminate him as Executive Chairman.

Starting to detect a pattern; i.e., George wanted his throne back. The Board tried to reason with him, but from his standpoint, it was an all or nothing proposition.

“As a Board, we care deeply about the culture of Men’s Wearhouse, which we fostered and helped create along with the management team and our 17,000 valued employees. We stand behind its core values of world-class customer service, servant leadership and the open door culture that celebrates the value of every voice. As we stated, we fully support Doug Ewert, our CEO, and senior management team who are unified and focused on the future of the company and the best interest of our shareholders, employees and customers.”

Nice closing touch to mention an entire leadership team has built the company’s culture, not one individual.

The conversational language and deft touch delivers quotes that sound like they come from actual human beings. More than communicate their side of the story, Men’s Wearhouse wanted to create a self-directed narrative that the media could write without interviewing the company.

Last week I discussed the concept of “atomizing” storytelling, the breaking up of the narrative into tiny pieces to serve journalists. That’s exactly what Men’s Wearhouse did with this news release.

While I’m obviously not privy to the war room discussions at Men’s Wearhouse, that seems to be the way it played out when they drew it up on the grease board, with major media properties like The New York Times writing stories based solely from the news release:

The NYT story never happens unless  Men’s Wearhouse puts out a real, not a promotional, story.

Will George lash back?

Of course, and he did.

But it’s less effective because the company took the initiative to make sure its voice was heard.

Note: While not exactly an apples-to-apples comparison, the language gamesmanship in the Toyota customer letter during the 2010 recall stands in stark contrast to the Men’s Wearhouse approach.

Bad News Should Not Come Packaged as a 1,111‐word Letter to Employees

Unfortunately, that’s how Stephen Elop, EVP over Microsoft’s Devices & Services business unit, communicated  the company’s decision to reduce its workforce by 12,500 people (or 18,000, depending on who we believe).

I don’t expect Mr. Elop to be a skilled communicator, much less command writing expertise. And I appreciate that a letter such as this one must go through the virtual meat grinder known as legal approval.

But c’mon, out all of those Microsoft employees who still have jobs, there must be someone who could bring a steady editing hand and common sense to the narrative.

A few areas of bad business writing that immediately jump out:

  • The start “Hello there.” I suppose he’s trying to sound folksy, but it comes off as more of a “Hello out there … anyone home?” Should have played it straight with a simple “Hello.”
  • Not only is the letter bloated, but the reader must wade through 855 words to get to real the point, that the company is eliminating 12,500 jobs.
  • Want to trigger a negative reaction from the proletariat? Use the phrase “right-size” which he does.
  • Word gamesmanship like “must be accomplished within an appropriate financial envelope” belongs in the quarterly earnings calls.
  • Cut the adjectives. Not even your employee base believes you’re selling “iconic tablets.”

No mulligans on this “golf course.”

Still, I thought it was worthy exercise in the spirit of “education” to melt down the original letter into something that reflects common sense (using much of the original language).

 

Hello,


 

A decision to reduce our workforce is never an easy one.


 

Still, winning in the mobile phone market depends on our ability to rethink and restructure our organization on an ongoing basis.


 

With this in mind, we plan to eliminate roughly 12,500 jobs over the next year. I recognize it doesn’t make up for the job loss, but we’ve put together a severance package for the departing employees to help them land on their feet.


 

What exactly led to this decision?


 

In short, we need to be more focused, concentrating on the segments that play to our strengths.


 

It’s one thing to run a hardware business like Nokia where the end game is to sell phones and another to sell devices which play off of our portfolio of products. At the risk of stating the obvious, we also need this business to be profitable.


 

That’s why we’ll be concentrating on the affordable smartphone segments with the Windows Phone bringing out more lower-cost Lumia devices. Along this line, we’ll be shifting future Nokia X designs and products to Windows Phone devices. We also have some changes in mind to better attack the high end of the market.


 

All these changes will take place within one phone business unit responsible for all of our phone efforts led by Jo Harlow.


 

We will provide as much clarity and information as possible in the coming weeks. Leaders across the organization will hold town halls, host information-sharing sessions and provide more details on the intranet.


 

As difficult as some changes are today, this direction aligns with the cross-company efforts that Satya has described in his recent emails.


 

Ultimately, they put our mobile phone business in a position for future success.


 

Regards,


 

Stephen

 

290 words.

It’s a common sense approach that cuts out the fat.

It also recognizes that you can’t spin this type of communications to employees. They know.

And yes, changing the “Hello there” to “Hello” did save a word.

P.S. Others have addressed this topic. One of the better posts came from Zachary Lukasiewicz, “Microsoft lays off 18,000 with ridiculous letter.” If you’re interested in the original employee letter, I’ve included it below.


Stephen Elop’s email to employees

July 17, 2014

Hello there,

Microsoft’s strategy is focused on productivity and our desire to help people “do more.” As the Microsoft Devices Group, our role is to light up this strategy for people. We are the team creating the hardware that showcases the finest of Microsoft’s digital work and digital life experiences, and we will be the confluence of the best of Microsoft’s applications, operating systems and cloud services.

To align with Microsoft’s strategy, we plan to focus our efforts. Given the wide range of device experiences, we must concentrate on the areas where we can add the most value. The roots of this company and our future are in productivity and helping people get things done. Our fundamental focus – for phones, Surface, for meetings with devices like PPI, Xbox hardware and new areas of innovation — is to build on that strength. While our direction in the majority of our teams is largely unchanging, we have had an opportunity to plan carefully about the alignment of phones within Microsoft as the transferring Nokia team continues with its integration process.

It is particularly important to recognize that the role of phones within Microsoft is different than it was within Nokia. Whereas the hardware business of phones within Nokia was an end unto itself, within Microsoft all our devices are intended to embody the finest of Microsoft’s digital work and digital life experiences, while accruing value to Microsoft’s overall strategy. Our device strategy must reflect Microsoft’s strategy and must be accomplished within an appropriate financial envelope. Therefore, we plan to make some changes.

We will be particularly focused on making the market for Windows Phone. In the near term, we plan to drive Windows Phone volume by targeting the more affordable smartphone segments, which are the fastest growing segments of the market, with Lumia. In addition to the portfolio already planned, we plan to deliver additional lower-cost Lumia devices by shifting select future Nokia X designs and products to Windows Phone devices. We expect to make this shift immediately while continuing to sell and support existing Nokia X products.

To win in the higher price segments, we will focus on delivering great breakthrough products in alignment with major milestones ahead from both the Windows team and the Applications and Services Group. We will ensure that the very best experiences and scenarios from across the company will be showcased on our products. We plan to take advantage of innovation from the Windows team, like Universal Windows Apps, to continue to enrich the Windows application ecosystem. And in the very lowest price ranges, we plan to run our first phones business for maximum efficiency with a smaller team.

We expect these changes to have an impact to our team structure. With our focus, we plan to consolidate the former Smart Devices and Mobile Phones business units into one phone business unit that is responsible for all of our phone efforts. Under the plan, the phone business unit will be led by Jo Harlow with key members from both the Smart Devices and Mobile Phones teams in the management team. This team will be responsible for the success of our Lumia products, the transition of select future Nokia X products to Lumia and for the ongoing operation of the first phone business.

As part of the effort, we plan to select the appropriate business model approach for our sales markets while continuing to offer our products in all markets with a strong focus on maintaining business continuity. We will determine each market approach based on local market dynamics, our ability to profitably deliver local variants, current Lumia momentum and the strategic importance of the market to Microsoft. This will all be balanced with our overall capability to invest.

Our phone engineering efforts are expected to be concentrated in Salo, Finland (for future, high-end Lumia products) and Tampere, Finland (for more affordable devices). We plan to develop the supporting technologies in both locations. We plan to ramp down engineering work in Oulu. While we plan to reduce the engineering in Beijing and San Diego, both sites will continue to have supporting roles, including affordable devices in Beijing and supporting specific US requirements in San Diego. Espoo and Lund are planned to continue to be focused on application software development.

We plan to right-size our manufacturing operations to align to the new strategy and take advantage of integration opportunities. We expect to focus phone production mainly in Hanoi, with some production to continue in Beijing and Dongguan. We plan to shift other Microsoft manufacturing and repair operations to Manaus and Reynosa respectively, and start a phased exit from Komaron, Hungary.

In short, we will focus on driving Lumia volume in the areas where we are already successful today in order to make the market for Windows Phone. With more speed, we will build on our success in the affordable smartphone space with new products offering more differentiation. We’ll focus on acquiring new customers in the markets where Microsoft’s services and products are most concentrated. And, we’ll continue building momentum around applications.

We plan that this would result in an estimated reduction of 12,500 factory direct and professional employees over the next year. These decisions are difficult for the team, and we plan to support departing team members with severance benefits.

More broadly across the Devices team, we will continue our efforts to bring iconic tablets to market in ways that complement our OEM partners, power the next generation of meetings & collaboration devices and thoughtfully expand Windows with new interaction models. With a set of changes already implemented earlier this year in these teams, this means there will be limited change for the Surface, Xbox hardware, PPI/meetings or next generation teams.

We recognize these planned changes are broad and have very difficult implications for many of our team members. We will work to provide as much clarity and information as possible. Today and over the coming weeks leaders across the organization will hold town halls, host information sharing sessions and provide more details on the intranet.

The team transferring from Nokia and the teams that have been part of Microsoft have each experienced a number of remarkable changes these last few years. We operate in a competitive industry that moves rapidly, and change is necessary. As difficult as some of our changes are today, this direction deliberately aligns our work with the cross company efforts that Satya has described in his recent emails. Collectively, the clarity, focus and alignment across the company, and the opportunity to deliver the results of that work into the hands of people, will allow us to increase our success in the future.

Regards,

Stephen

Conversational Language as a Differentiator?

That’s the point from last week’s Wall Street Journal column, “The Way Trump Talks,” by Daniel Henninger.

Henninger believes that language, specifically conversational language, could turn the election in Trump’s favor and that people have responded to Trump’s blunt language to the point of being oblivious to the content.

“Many people today think food isn’t real unless the label tells them it is organic or artisanal. TV commercials announce, ‘Not actors, real people.’ Politics has no immunity from these new interpretations of what’s real. Just the feeling of authenticity for many has become more powerful than understanding the grubby realities of political limits.”

Politicians depend on consultants armed with data analytics to scrub their words before they’re uttered with the objective of appealing to as many people as possible. Of course, they don’t sound real. As Henninger notes in his column, “Every word Hillary speaks, because it is so carefully planned, rings instantly false. Even the true ones.”

I appreciate that the political arena differs from a business environment.

Still, there’s something to take away from what we’re observing in the presidential election. If executives want to be persuasive — whether it’s an interview with a single journalist or a 1,000-employee town hall meeting — they’re best-served communicating in natural mode. Because those on the receiving end of the words can tell what’s real and what’s a pristine message concocted by 12 people sitting around a table with a thesaurus and Round Table pizza.

Back to Henninger and his close:

“In the suddenly tightening presidential race, we are seeing, or hearing, the careful and ‘reliable’political language of Hillary Clinton in competition with the intemperance of Trumpian rhetoric. One sounds real, the other just doesn’t. The new way of talking in American politics may turn out to be enough to win.”

Maybe history will show that Trump’s contribution to society was giving courage — and proof points — to those in the public eye to speak like actual human beings. What a concept!

If executives believe that conversational language trumps — couldn’t resist — processed language, it seems reasonable to think that more executives would take this approach.

Let’s just hope that bombastic doesn’t win the day.

The “F Word” in Storytelling and Business

Failure.

Point to a movie or a book that captivates, and I’ll show you failure.

Shrek.

Absolutely.

Something more high-brow, like the best-selling novel “A Little Life.”

Again, failure underpins the story.

For it’s the failure — something going horribly awry, the more pain the better — that creates the tension in a story.

As Kurt Vonnegut so nicely captured in his eight tips for storytelling:

“Be a Sadist. No matter how sweet and innocent your leading characters, make awful things happen to them — in order that the reader may see what they are made of.”

The same concept holds true in business communications. That’s why journalists embrace failure in their craft. Patricia Sellers from Fortune goes as far as to say, “If failure isn’t part of the story, I’m not that interested.”

While this poses a quandary for PR professionals — companies are wired to hide, not promote failure — it’s one that can be overcome.

I tend to think of failure in terms of a big “F” and a little “f.” It’s difficult for PR to leverage a big “F” Failure — the type that resonates with Ms. Sellers from Fortune — though it can be done. The CEO of Lifesize, Craig Malloy, penned a byliner last month that begins:

In order to stay afloat, I had to sink our ship. It was a daunting decision, but as the “Captain” it was necessary. Lifesize’s journey began in 2003 as a provider of communications equipment for conference rooms. By 2009 we were a $160 million powerhouse; Logitech noted our success and acquired us.

Initially, it was very validating, but as time passed the world changed: collaboration services started moving to the cloud, and Lifesize was stuck in the boardroom and the corporate data center. By 2014, we reached our “evolve-or-die” moment: ditch our legacy model, or go down with it.

Nice stage setting.

But it’s failure with the small “f” that constitutes the real storytelling gold for PR. These are situations that won’t necessarily torpedo the enterprise, but grade out as important to operations.

Journalists depend on small “f” failures all the time.

When the Chicago Tribune wrote about McDonald’s Innovation Center, we learned about inventions that didn’t see the light of day — like a contraption to dispense the right number of Chicken McNuggets for cooking, so employees wouldn’t have to count them out each time.

When The Wall Street Journal featured employee training at UPS, the lead jumped right to the failure.

Vexed that some 30% of driver candidates flunk its traditional training, United Parcel Service Inc. is moving beyond the classroom to ready its rookies for the road.

Nothing gentle about the word “flunk.”

As a third example, The New York Times last month wrote a story about Whole Foods that covered a small food producer called Cowgirl Creamery and how its first batch of organic triple-cream cheese — I’m guessing not approved by the American Heart Association — grew nonedible black mold after arriving on the shelves. Cowgirl founder Sue Conley added “color” to the debacle:

“It was awful. We hadn’t primed our new aging rooms, so other bacteria were competing with the fluffy white mold. It was a big mess.”

The Cowgirl failure, the UPS failure and the McDonald’s failure share a common denominator. They all enjoyed happy endings.

For Cowgirl, they fixed the problem, still count Whole Foods as a customer and now produce 800 pounds of cheese a day. The new training from UPS reduced the washouts to 10 percent. And McDonald’s got to evangelize inventions that have improved customer service.

Many companies will push back on using “failure” in PR. They believe that communicating anything negative can be risky and hurt the company’s reputation. Here, PR needs to make a case that the reader’s net takeaway is a positive one since the communication also includes the course correction.

What’s the risk?

Again, we know how the story ends, and it’s a happy one.

We also need to educate our stakeholders that if they want coverage in publications like The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, the PR-driven content needs to align with how these journalists construct their stories.

One CEO who doesn’t need convincing is Jeff Bezos. His recent letter to shareholders calls out failure as one of Amazon’s competitive advantages:

“One area where I think we are especially distinctive is failure. I believe we are the best place in the world to fail (we have plenty of practice!), and failure and invention are inseparable twins. To invent you have to experiment, and if you know in advance that it’s going to work, it’s not an experiment. Most large organizations embrace the idea of invention, but are not willing to suffer the string of failed experiments necessary to get there.”

This theme of failure consistently surfaces in Amazon’s media coverage, not counting the New York Times expose on the company that falls under a different category since Amazon didn’t write the ending.

But when you do control the ending, bringing failure to the fore can pry open the toughest of media doors. Going back to the WSJ story on the UPS training, you can’t just jump to the positive punchline that 90 percent of trainees passed the training. The Journal isn’t going to write this story, since the single data point provides no context for the success. It’s only by bringing failure (small “f”) to the story — 30 percent flunked the old training — that the journalist gains context.

It takes two points of reference to generate the gap, which in turn becomes the tension in the story. The larger the gap, the greater the potential tension. Take away the negative point of reference, and the gap disappears. No story.

One final comment on failure —

There are times when PR can capitalize on someone else’s failure. This scenario played out last week when we landed a corporate feature for our client Sharper Shape in USA Today. As is often the case, the failure kicks off the story:

The biggest blackout ever in North America happened 13 years ago when high-voltage power lines brushed against overgrown trees in northern Ohio, triggering breakdowns on the grid that turned out lights in New York City and across eight states as well as Ontario, Canada.

Of course, the story delivers a happy ending.

Again proving the value of the “f” word in business storytelling.

Note: For more on failure, check out “Contrast, a Poor Man’s Failure in PR Storytelling” and “PR’s Answer to the Classic Storytelling Arc.”

Genius Storytelling Techniques from the American Chemical Society

That’s right.
The same folks who publish “the molecule of the week” and find humor in the periodic table have cracked the mainstream with storytelling techniques worthy of a big brand.

Before jumping to the tactic, it’s useful to rewind the tape to Nov. 27, 2013. That’s when the Los Angeles County court sided with the fine citizens of Irwindale and ordered Sriracha to cease operations until they could figure out a way to stop that dreadful odor emanating from the factory.

 

 

As I wrote back in 2012, here’s a brand that says the hell with branding and it works. In spite of snafu with its Irwindale factory, Sriracha has enjoyed an ever-expanding public profile. In the Google Trends chart below, you can how searches on [sriracha] started climbing roughly four years ago.

 

 

The Nov. 27 court order triggered the biggest spike on the chart. Regardless, Sriracha’s public profile continues to push up and to the right largely driven by popularity that transcends the foodies.

Which brings us back to the American Chemical Society.

The ACS PR smelled a PR opportunity – can’t resist a bad pun – to leverage Sriracha in reaching a mass audience. While they couldn’t predict when Sriracha would be in the news again, they recognized that the power of the Sriracha brand guaranteed a steady of stream of media coverage. And by explaining in plain language the science behind the sauce and the reaction from one’s taste buds in a video, the ACS stood to insert its voice into future Sriracha stories.

YouTube / Reactions – via Iframely

OK, that’s not exactly true.

The video created by the ACS delivers this ditty on the chemistry behind Sriracha:

“ Inside the red chilies is a group of molecules called capsaicinoids. Within this Group, two molecules pack up to 95 percent of the blistering punch, capsaicin and dihyrdocapsaicin. These two molecules trigger the TRPV1 receptor protein in the mouth which usually responds to scorching temperatures above 109 degrees Fahrenheit; thus, causing the spicy hot sensation. Then the body responds to the capsaicins burned by releasing a pain-killing endorphin rush kind of like what a jogger experiences after a long run.”

While not exactly language for the technically challenged, the storytelling techniques in the video and underlying PR strategy worked. Numerous media properties including NPR, The Atlantic and USA Today published stories on the video. Plus, the evergreen quality of the video means continued exposure for the ACS as we saw this month with Sriracha once again in the media for that smelly Irwindale factor.

One final comment on the ACS video –

After explaining how the chemical makeup preserves Sriracha even without refrigeration, the video calls out this information as useless:

“ … because as far as we understand, it’s impossible for a bottle of Sriracha to go bad without eating it all because again, it goes good on absolutely everything.”

While no one enjoys a language tug of war more than I do, the ACS should probably steer clear of double entendres.

Still, levity in storytelling does make for a potent formula.

Irish Fans Bring Contrarian Storytelling to the Euro Cup

Playing a quick game of word association with European soccer fans conjures words like hooligans, violence and racism.

When my family lived in the UK, my youngest son and I took in a match between West Ham and Liverpool at storied Anfield.

The section for the West Ham supporters was literally wired off with police on both sides to prevent mayhem. I had no clue that supporters of the visiting team needed protection (literally).

Needless to say, European soccer has a long history of out-of-control fans.

That’s what makes the happenings around the Irish fans at the Euro Cup so utterly astonishing.

They’re doing the opposite as they attend matches — enjoy a drink (or two) and pass the time.

Playful.

Not taking themselves seriously.

I’ve captured a cross section of the Irish fans at their best in the following videos, each with a touch of levity.

Song for a Nun

If you’re going to sing to a nun, you need the appropriate tune. The Irish contingent does a beautiful job of rocking “Our Father.”

What Do You Get When You Mix the Swiss and the Irish?

Of course, they joined forces to belt out Dancing Queen by Abba.

Lullaby for a Baby

That’s right. This Bordeaux train finds our Irish friends singing lullabies to a French baby, first “Twinkle Twinkle Little Star” followed by a rendition of “Hush Little Baby.” They even go a step further hushing their fellow travelers to be quiet, “We’ve got a baby on board.”

Riffing on a Cliché with the Swedish

After tying Sweden in the group play opener, the Irish improvise and invent the song, “Go Home to Your Sexy Wives.”

Apparently Frankie Valli Sells Well In Ireland

I think this the most popular bit with well over 2 million views. The Irish surround a French girl and proceed to serenade her with “Can’t Take My Eyes Off Of You.”

Cheers to the Irish, who will be going home to their own ____________ wives (leave it with you to fill in the adjective) after losing to France on Sunday.

The “NASCAR Story” Always Attracts Attention

No, I’m not talking about Matt Kenseth winning the Daytona 500.

Instead, consider what brings the vast majority of folks to the racetrack.

It’s the possibility to witness a high-speed wreck.

I’ve come to call the type of story that offers up the possibility of a wreck – defining “wreck” as an element of the story tied to the protagonist going horribly astray – as a “NASCAR story.”

I recently saw a front-page note in the San Jose Mercury News asking readers if they’re out of work, searching for a new job and interested in Warholic fame to drop the editors a note. The Merc will pick a few folks to follow on their job hunt and report on each saga.

This is a NASCAR story because the potential exists for a wreck. Given that almost 600,000 folks lost their jobs in January alone according to the U.S. Labor Department, there’s no guarantee that these stories will close with the birds chirping and everyone living happily ever after.

I suppose it’s a similar dynamic to reality TV and what keeps people coming back to “American Idol” (as an aside, my daughter has Lil Rounds as the early favorite). The unscripted nature of this type of story means the reader/viewer doesn’t know the ending, with the potential wreck always lurking around the corner.

I’m surprised more communications professionals don’t develop and pitch NASCAR stories. No question, there’s a dimension of risk, but the reward can be opening doors at heavyweight publications without the typical news announcement.

I flagged a story last month in The Wall Street Journal titled “Cooking Up Ways to Improve Steaks on a Plane” (provided the link to the story on MSN for those without a subscription to the online Journal). It’s an entertaining read as columnist Scott McCartney essentially places himself at the hip of the Singapore Airlines’ head of food service, Mr. Freidanck, as he evaluates one of the airline’s food vendors, the Chelsea Food Service based in Houston.

It’s also a NASCAR story.

McCartney’s unscripted “access” makes for drama and a narrative rich in anecdotes:

Because the dry air of a jet cabin dries mouths, taste is diminished in flight. So Singapore and other carriers exaggerate flavors in meals.

The piece also contains a few mini-wrecks in which the caterer’s executive chef gets raked over the coals (couldn’t resist):

Mr. Freidanck tastes while Shashi Nath, Chelsea’s executive chef, awaits judgment. A corn chowder isn’t thick enough. Oops, celeriac and pear cream soup is too thick. “Do they really understand celeriac here in Texas?” Mr. Freidanck asks the throng taking notes on every order.

 

A sauce is too starchy; beef soup is too salty. “Something was lost in translation on the beef soup,” he says. Crabmeat on top of avocados in one salad looks messy and he redesigns the layout himself, then photographs it when he gets it exactly as he wants it. Mushrooms in one dish are chopped too small, their variety unrecognizable. Muscovy duck is undercooked and doesn’t taste right. “It’s not Muscovy!” Mr. Freidanck says.

“It is positively,” Mr. Nath insists.

I can almost picture a shouting match: “It’s not a Muscovy duck … Yes it is … No it isn’t … Yes it is.”

Yet, even with the negatives, the reader takes away an overall positive impression of Singapore Airlines and its quest to serve the customer.

Kudos to the Singapore Airlines PR team (assuming the seed of the story came from them) for not only manufacturing the storyline but for selling the concept to management.

The media loves NASCAR stories.

It would behoove communications professionals to push beyond their comfort zone and that of their company to develop these types of angles with unhandled access. Such an approach certainly better aligns with the needs of the media than a news release.

Journalists Accept Apple’s “Storytelling Candy”

Apple’s CEO Tim Cook trekked to China in late March to show the world that Apple cares.

After the damning New York Times report, “In China, Human Costs Are Built Into An iPad,” Apple wanted to specifically connect with what goes on behind the curtain in the making of its products.

I noticed that photos of Cook adorned in laboratory-like regalia appeared in many of the stories, but didn’t think much about it.

Then I saw Ma Jun from the Institute of Public and Environmental affairs in Beijing interviewed about Apple on Bloomberg West last week. The segment included the same photo used in many of the print and online stories

 

 

This prompted me to reverse-engineer how Apple handled the communications around Cook’s trip to China.

In short, Apple’s strategy reflected the cliché “a picture is worth a thousand words.”

The company hired a photographer to take photos of Cook interacting with Foxconn line workers and then distributed two shots to the media. Even if the words in the print/online stories were negative – and many were – Apple reasoned that a smiling CEO interacting with the common folks would serve as a positive counterbalance.

Of course, this assumes that the media would use PR photos with the story.

I chose a cross-section of publications which included several mainstream media properties and examined whether their stories on March 29/30 included Apple’s photos:

  • All Things D
  • Bloomberg
  • Business Insider
  • CBS News Online
  • Engadget
  • Fast Company
  • Forbes
  • GigaOm
  • Gizmodo
  • The Huffington Post (Reuters)
  • The Los Angeles Times
  • Mashable
  • Reuters
  • TechCrunch
  • The New York Times
  • The Next Web
  • The Telegraph
  • The Wall Street Journal
  • VentureBeat
  • Yahoo! News

The number surprised me.

Sixteen out of the 20 properties incorporated Apple’s storytelling candy.

Only Fast Company, TechCrunch, CBS News Online and All Things D took a pass.

I thought CBS News Online was particularly enterprising, pulling a candid shot from Weibo (Chinese micro-blogging service) of a Chinese consumer hanging with Mr. Cook.

 

 

Apple figured out whether they communicated or not, journalists would write the Cook-in-China story and these stories would need visuals. And if they prevented the media from taking their own shots, they would probably use the Apple-controlled photos.

The data suggests they were right.

It’s also fascinating to see how the credit for the photos played out.

The wire services, Bloomberg, Reuters and AFP, identify the photos as coming from Apple.

But as media properties published their own stories and needed visuals, they pulled photos from the wire services, often dropping Apple as being the source. You can see an example of this in The L.A. Times story, which was kind enough to even include the Apple-crafted caption with the words “newly built Foxconn manufacturing facility.”

 

 

Like a poker player with most of the chips exerting his will on the table, Apple leverages its position of strength with the media.

While journalists don’t want to be “handled,” it appears they make an exception for Apple.

The legacy of Steve Jobs lives on in more ways than one.

Note: One of our account folks, Julie Sugishita, did much of the heavy lifting for this post. If anyone is interested in a look at the data (spreadsheet), post a “send an email to storytelling@hoffman.com” with your request and I’ll send it along.